Keoma

Posted on 1 juli 2009 by Jeppe Kleijngeld

Director: Enzo G. Castellari
Written by: Enzo G. Castellari, Nico Ducci, George Eastman, Mino Roli
Cast: Franco Nero, Woody Strode, William Berger, Donald O’Brien

Year / Country: 1976, Italy
Running Time: 97 mins.

Besides the legendary spaghetti westerns by Sergio Leone, that due to their lyricism and sense of dimension, became true cinema classics, the genre consists almost solely of B-pictures. This B-genre started in 1966 with the release of Sergio Corbucci’s Django. This classic cult movie shaped the format of the genre with its mysterious hero driven by revenge, excessive violence, a limited budget and the absence of realism.

Exactly ten years later, Keoma was made, one of the last notable films of its genre. Like in Django, spaghetti star Franco Nero stars in the title role. The movie is also known as Django Rides Again, while it has nothing to do with the Django series. The producers probably wanted to cash in on this household name, just like approximately thirty other pseudo sequels and lousy spin-offs tried to do.

But Keoma is not a lousy film, on the contrary. It’s quite the action-western with Nero once again portraying a strong character. The half-breed Indian Keoma returns from civil war only to find his hometown in chaos and controlled by an evil gang led by the sadistic Caldwell. Keoma takes on Caldwell’s scum that includes his own three half brothers. He gets help only from his father and a black man named George, an outcast like Keoma, played by genre icon Woody Strode.

Through flashbacks we learn more about Keoma’s childhood. He was never accepted because of his Indian background. The racism in the film contributes to the movie’s depressing atmosphere. Other factors contributing to this are the hellish images of plague victims and general destruction. The dark, unpleasant atmosphere is enhanced by the wailing score by Guido and Maurizio De Angelis.

But Keoma isn’t that deep into deeper meaning. The action is what makes it stick. The slow-motion gunplay, a specialty of director Enzo Castellari, is done masterfully. While the film may be a little too dark and serious, and miss the irony and sarcasm of Leone’s films, it is a supreme spaghetti in terms of uncompromising action. A worthy finale to a glorious period.

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Biography: Enzo G. Castellari (1938, Rome) was born as Enzo Girolami, son of cult-director Marino Girolami (Zombi Holocaust). In the seventies and eighties he made a large number of exploitation movies. Most of them were low cost productions, but by using slow-motion and special editing techniques, Castellari differentiated his movies from the pure trash flicks. After the downfall of the Italian B-movie industry during the late eighties, Castellari turned to television like many of his colleagues did.

Filmography (a selection): Go Kill and Come Back (1967), Seven Winchesters for a Massacre (1967), That Dirty Story of the West (1968), Battle Squadron (1969), Cold Eyes of Fear (1971), Con Men (1972), High Crime (1973), Keoma (1976), The Big Racket (1976), The Heroin Busters (1977), The Inglorious Bastards (1978), Shark (1981), Bronx Warriors (1982), Bronx Warriors 2 (1993), Tuareg: The Desert Warrior (1984), Hammerhead (1987), Extralarge: Moving Target (190, TV), Extralarge: Black Magic (1991, TV), Jonathan of the Bears (1993)

Django

Posted on 1 juni 2009 by Jeppe Kleijngeld

Director: Sergio Corbucci
Written by: Sergio Corbucci, Bruno Corbucci, Franco Rossetti
Cast: Franco Nero, José Bódalo, Loredana Nusciak, Ángel Álvarez

Year / Country: 1966, Italy / Spain
Running Time: 88 mins.

In 1964, Sergio Leone, an Italian director, redefined the western genre with A Fistful of Dollars, a groundbreaking remake of Akira Kurosawa’s Yojimbo. Starring a then-unknown Clint Eastwood, the film introduced audiences to the now-iconic figure of the nameless gunslinger, a drifter who arrives in a town torn apart by a bitter private war. Playing both sides against each other, he emerges victorious, setting the template for the spaghetti western genre.

The overwhelming success of Leone’s film inspired a wave of imitations, varying in quality. Among these, Django (1966) by Sergio Corbucci stands out as one of the best and certainly the most famous. The film borrows heavily from A Fistful of Dollars but adds its own distinctive twist. Instead of a nameless drifter, we meet Django, a mysterious stranger trudging through a desolate landscape while dragging a coffin behind him. His identity is memorably introduced through Louis Bacalov’s haunting theme song, which passionately proclaims his name: Django!

The story follows Django as he rescues a prostitute named Maria from a gang of ruthless outlaws. He escorts her to a ghostly, near-abandoned town where he intends to settle an old score. There, he finds himself caught in a deadly conflict between Mexican revolutionaries and a band of racist Southern renegades led by his arch-nemesis, Major Jackson. Initially siding with the Mexicans to deal a crippling blow to Jackson, Django’s motivations soon come to light, setting the stage for an explosive and tragic finale. By the film’s end, only Django and Maria are left standing amidst the carnage, with the rest buried – literally and figuratively.

What elevates Django almost to the level of Leone’s masterpiece is Corbucci’s skillful execution of the genre’s defining elements. Franco Nero delivers a magnetic performance as the titular anti-hero, rivaling Eastwood’s cool and detached gunslinger. Bacalov’s score, while perhaps not as iconic as Ennio Morricone’s, is equally evocative, setting the perfect tone for the film. The supporting cast adds depth to the world, and the stylish, gritty action sequences ensure the audience remains captivated throughout.

Of course, Django is also notorious for its graphic violence, which was shocking for its time. Though modern audiences might find it less visceral compared to contemporary standards, the film doesn’t shy away from bloodshed. That said, the lack of squibs – a result of budgetary constraints – dampens some of the impact, as the gunplay often lacks the visual punch of more modern films.

The film’s pacing does falter slightly in the middle act, where the tension and momentum dip after the gripping opening sequences. However, Corbucci makes up for this with a thrilling and memorable climax that reaffirms the film’s status as a cult classic.

In conclusion, Django is a quintessential spaghetti western and a must-watch for fans of the genre. With its unforgettable protagonist, striking visuals, and bleak tone, it stands as a testament to the creativity and enduring appeal of Italian westerns.

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Biography: Sergio Corbucci (1926, Rome – 1990, Rome) was, alongside Sergio Leone, one of the most prominent directors of spaghetti westerns. Born and raised in Rome, Corbucci played a crucial role in popularizing the genre, particularly through his iconic films Django (1966) and The Great Silence (Il Grande Silenzio, 1968). He frequently collaborated with actor Franco Nero, crafting memorable characters and stories that helped define the genre’s unique style. His B-movies are characterized by brutal violence, surrealist and apocalyptic production design, black humour and politically left symbolism. Corbucci was a fanatical Marxist and many of his films show the hopelessness of the revolution. He kept working in Italy throughout his career and most of his films were barely released abroad. He died in Rome in 1990.

Filmography (a selection): Foreign Earth (1954), Water’s Love (1954), Supreme Confession (1957), Angel’s Sky (1957), Duel of the Titans (1961), Toto, Peppino and La Dolce Vita (1961), The Son of Spartacus (1963), Grand Canyon Massacre (1963), Django (1966), Navajo Joe (1966), The Mercenary (1968), The Great Silence (1968), Compañeros (1970), Bandera Bandits (1972), The White, the Yellow, and the Black (1975), The Payoff (1978), Super Fuzz (1980), My Darling, My Dearest (1982), Days of Inspector Ambrosio (1988)

Once Upon a Time in the West

Posted on 30 mei 2009 by Jeppe Kleijngeld

Director: Sergio Leone
Written by: Dario Argento, Bernardo Bertolucci, Sergio Leone, Sergio Donati
Cast: Claudia Cardinale, Henry Fonda, Jason Robards, Charles Bronson

Year / Country: 1968, Italy, USA
Running Time: 159 mins.

Sergio Leone, master of the spaghetti western, did it again. Only two years after completing the ‘Dollar Trilogy’ with the masterful The Good, The Bad and the Ugly, he is back with an equally impressive Wild West opera. His track record may be small with only seven features, but Leone is probably the only director who completed four masterpieces in a five-year time span. And what a way to end his brilliant streak: Once Upon a Time in the West is without a doubt the greatest testament that the Wild West ever got. It is my favorite movie of all time only after GoodFellas.

The classic opening scene is almost like a short film in itself, starring Jack Elam, Woody Strode and Al Mulock. The three men in dusters are killing time (and flies) on a train station while waiting for the arrival of the mysterious Harmonica (Bronson), who has unfinished business with their evil boss Frank (Fonda). When Harmonica finally arrives, he effectively rids himself of these three in a hyper tense Mexican standoff. Leone allegedly wanted to cast Clint Eastwood, Eli Wallach and Lee Van Cleef in these roles to symbolically end his ‘Dollar’ period.

Essentially, this is a revenge film, since Harmonica’s quest for vengeance is central to the plot. However, the screenplay is much richer than that. It is about the death of the old West and the birth of the new civilized frontier. Old hardened men, such as Harmonica and Cheyenne (Robards) are replaced by businessmen who build railroads all across the country. These innovations mark the arrival of civilization and culture to the West. But the old mythic heroes won’t go without a good fight. Harmonica spends a good deal of his time trying to seduce Frank to a duel. Their final ‘dance of death’ is one of the greatest pieces of cinema I have ever seen in my life. In a flashback we finally learn why Harmonica is after Frank and his entire identity suddenly makes perfect sense. The music is stunning and to this day can make me tremble. Truly beautiful.

But the film contains many more memorable moments. The introduction of every character for example, is accompanied by their own personal musical score composed by Ennio Morricone, who is once again in top shape. Leone uses the music like a pro with impeccable timing. For example whenever a character dies, the beat stops instantly. As we would expect of Leone, the film also contains fantastic dialogues, peppered with the best oneliners the West has heard before or since. Locations are fantastic as well, ranging from minimalistic to extremely extensive, such as the town of Flagstone where Jill (Cardinale) arrives in the beginning of the film. The beautiful exterior scenes were shot in both Spain and the USA.

Unlike the films from the ‘Dollar Trilogy’, the story of Once Upon a Time in the West is almost entirely made up of references to classic American Westerns. Leone’s style is different as well. It is slower and more sombre in theme, but still very tongue-in-cheek. However successful in Europe upon release, it got negative critical response in the US and was a financial flop. Now it is generally acknowledged as a masterpiece and one of the best westerns ever made. So buy the ticket and take the ride, amigo. To the next station only.

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Biography: Sergio Leone (1929, Rome – 1989, Rome) made his debut in the cinema working as a voluntary assistant and extra, among other things, in The Bicycle Thieves by Vittorio de Sica. Later, he became assistant director to Mario Bonnard. In 1959, when Bonnard was ill, he took over from him on the set of The Last Days of Pompeii. In 1961 he directed his first full-length film: The Colossus of Rhodes. But the film that was to bring him to the general attention came out in 1964: A Fistful of Dollars. His next films, For a Few Dollars More and The Good, The Bad and the Ugly complete what came to be known as the Dollars Trilogy and were a great box-office success. He would only make three more films before tragically passing away in 1989. He was taken from us by a heart attack in his house in Rome, while working on an ambitious project for a film on the Siege of Leningrad.

Filmography: The Colossus of Rhodes (1961), A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965), The Good, The Bad and the Ugly (1966), Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), A Fistful of Dynamite (1971), Once Upon a Time in America (1984)

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

Posted on 3 maart 2009 by Jeppe Kleijngeld

Director: Sergio Leone
Written by: Agenore Incrocci, Furio Scarpelli, Luciano Vincenzoni, Sergio Leone
Cast: Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef, Eli Wallach

Year / Country: 1966, Italy, Spain, West Germany
Running Time: 171 mins.

The final installment of Sergio Leone’s ‘Dollars Trilogy’ is a critically acclaimed masterpiece. Set against the backdrop of the American Civil War, three men are on a relentless quest for a fortune in hidden gold. While soldiers fight to determine the fate of a nation, these men pursue only their own interests. They are the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. While the last two labels are fitting, the first is somewhat misleading – Eastwood’s character, Blondie, may be more principled than the others, but he doesn’t hesitate to kill when it serves his purpose.

Blondie and Tuco (the Ugly, played by Eli Wallach) form a crooked partnership built on mutual betrayal. After one double-cross nearly costs Blondie his life, they’re forced into a reluctant alliance when each comes into possession of a crucial piece of information that could lead them to the buried treasure. Meanwhile, Angel Eyes (the Bad, portrayed by Lee Van Cleef) is hot on their trail, determined to claim the gold for himself. The three men converge on a remote graveyard, where their fates – and the money – await.

Compared to the earlier two films in the trilogy, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly offers a surprisingly human touch. Eastwood’s Blondie reveals a gentler side, cradling a kitten in his hat and comforting a dying soldier with a cigar. Tuco, though undeniably a scoundrel, becomes unexpectedly poignant during a visit to the monastery where he confronts his estranged brother. This and other scenes flesh out Tuco into the trilogy’s most fully realized character, brought to life in a brilliant performance by Wallach. Despite the emotional depth, Leone doesn’t abandon his signature blend of dark humor and biting cynicism.

Visually, the film is a triumph. Leone’s mastery shines in the rhythmic interplay between intimate close-ups and sweeping, war-torn landscapes that seem to take on a character of their own – harsh and unforgiving, especially evident in the desert sequence where Blondie’s face is scorched by the sun. From the bold, stylized opening credits to the iconic, ritualistic cemetery shootout, the cinematography and editing are innovative and arresting. Add to that Ennio Morricone’s legendary score, and you have one of the most influential films of all time.

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly has been released in various versions, but nothing less than the full three-hour cut does it justice. Only in its complete form does this epic ‘horse opera’ truly come into its own. This is cinema as it was meant to be.

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