10. Once Upon a Time in America (1984)

Director: Sergio Leone
Writers: Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi, Enrico Medioli, Franco Arcalli, Franco Ferrini, Sergio Leone, Harry Grey (novel ‘The Hoods’)
Stars: Robert De Niro, James Woods, Elizabeth McGovern, Treat Williams

This review is part of the feature:

The 33 Gangster Films You Can’t Refuse

After making some of the greatest westerns ever in the sixties, Italian maestro Sergio Leone takes on another genre that features outlaws: the gangster film. The nearly four hour lasting epic – told non-chronologically in three segments – tells the story of four Jewish ghetto youths who grow up in Manhattan’s Lower East Side and make it big during the prohibition era.

It is not a typical American gangster movie, but sits closer to a European art film. The crime and violence often take a backseat while Leone explores other themes, like masculine friendship, love, guilt, regret and betrayal.

The main character Noodles (De Niro) is also not the typical gangster protagonist. He’s not very successful in his trade for one thing. His best friend Max played by James Woods is more the business mind of the group. Noodles is more concerned with pursuing the woman of his dreams: Deborah. But when she’s about to leave New York to follow her dream to become an actress, he violently rapes her and destroys their long-lasting relationship.

Then, after betraying his own friends to save them, he goes into exile for 35 years only to discover he’s been duped by the people he loved the most. It’s an extremely melancholic story that lets you experience the passage of time like no other work of art.

This mood is helped greatly by one of Ennio Morricone’s most emotionally moving scores. Leone has a unique vision, and while some choices may put off viewers (what’s with this endlessly ringing phone and stirring in a coffee cup?), it is a stunning movie in terms of cinematography, rhythm and mise-en-scène.

The ambiguous ending in which Noodles visits an opium den to forget his misdeeds for a while, opens the door to a double reading of the story: did Noodles fabricate the entire sixties segment out of guilt?

Leone turned down the offer to direct The Godfather, in favor of working on this project. He devoted 10 years of his life to this movie, and sadly it was to be his final one. He died of a heart attack in 1989 at the age of 60.

Luckily, with Once Upon a Time in America, he did get to complete his Once Upon a Time Trilogy, which also includes Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) and Duck, You Sucker! (1971), a series of movies about American and Mexican mythology taking place in different eras.

Originally, the film was heavily edited by the US distributors without Leone’s involvement, which caused him a lot of pain. But when the original version of the film was released on home video in the US, it received the major critical acclaim it deserved as this is obviously a masterclass in filmmaking.

Once Upon a Time in America (1984)


As boys, they said they would die for each other. As men, they did.

Directed by:
Sergio Leone

Written by:
Harry Grey (book ‘The Hoods’)
Leonardo Benvenuti (screenplay)
Piero De Bernardi (screenplay)
Enrico Medioli (screenplay)
Franco Arcalli (screenplay)
Franco Ferrini (screenplay)
Sergio Leone (screenplay)

Cast:
Robert De Niro (David ‘Noodles’ Aaronson), James Woods (Maximilian ‘Max’ Bercovicz), Elizabeth McGovern (Deborah Gelly), James Hayden (Patrick ‘Patsy’ Goldberg), William Forsythe (Philip ‘Cockeye’ Stein), Tuesday Weld (Carol), Treat Williams (James Conway O’Donnell), Scott Tiler (Young Noodles), Rusty Jacobs (Young Max / David Bailey), Jennifer Connelly (Young Deborah)

In the late 1970s, master director Sergio Leone turned down the offer to direct The Godfather in order to make another gangster film, this one based on the novel ‘The Hoods’ by former mobster Harry Grey. When filming was completed, the total footage ran between eight and ten hours. Leone and editor Nino Baragli trimmed it down to around six hours, intending to release the film as two three-hour features. The producers, however, rejected this idea and cut the film down to just over two hours for the American market. In doing so, they also abandoned the film’s non-linear structure, rendering the story almost incomprehensible. Unsurprisingly, the film flopped in the U.S., and Leone was left devastated.

Fortunately, a 3-hour and 49-minute version was prepared for international release, with the original non-chronological storytelling restored. Audiences overseas responded more positively, and many critics recognized it as a cinematic masterpiece. With his spaghetti westerns, Leone revealed the gritty, opportunistic side of the Old West. Here, he does the same for the American city ruled by mobsters. He strikes exactly the right tone. His sprawling gangland epic shows a world that may sparkle with a thin coat of glamour, but beneath that lies grime and plenty of it.

The narrative jumps across time, following Jewish gangster Noodles (Robert De Niro) through three phases of his life. First, his youth in the Lower East Side, where he meets his lifelong friend, the cunning but volatile Max (James Woods). In their prime during the Prohibition era, the two – along with childhood friends – rise to control a lucrative bootlegging operation. But tensions rise, and their friendship deteriorates with devastating consequences. In the third act, Noodles returns to New York as an old man after 35 years, confronting the ghosts of his past.

The fragmented screenplay may not feel intuitive, but it doesn’t need to be. The film works on a dreamlike, emotional logic. Many interpret the second half as nothing more than an opium-induced fantasy – a fugue state in which Noodles imagines a resolution, a reckoning, and perhaps a redemption that never truly came. It’s an ambiguous, melancholic meditation on memory, regret, and American myth. This is not a typical rise-and-fall gangster story; it’s about life itself. The psychological depth is extraordinary. Few films give you such an encompassing sense of a person’s entire existence: memories, pain, joy, death and, of course, love.

As with Leone’s finest work, the film is packed with haunting, unforgettable moments: Max and Noodles beaten in the alley, Noodles’ opium haze in the Chinese theater, Little Dominic dying in Noodles’ arms (“Noodles, I slipped”), and Noodles peeking through the wall at Deborah’s dance rehearsal. The art direction and cinematography render every frame like a painting, each one worthy of being hung on a wall. In that sense, this is Leone’s The Godfather.

Together with composer Ennio Morricone, Leone achieves true cinematic synergy. The film’s pacing often mirrors the rhythm of Morricone’s hauntingly beautiful score, enhancing the emotional impact to mesmerizing effect. The casting is another strength: De Niro brings nuance and reluctant sympathy to a deeply flawed anti-hero, while Woods is chillingly effective as Max. Strong supporting roles are delivered by Jennifer Connelly, Joe Pesci, Tuesday Weld, and Burt Young.

Though it may have its imperfections, Once Upon a Time in America remains a towering, influential achievement. Leone spent over a decade bringing this vision to life and it shows. It’s a shame it turned out to be his final film, but few directors could hope to end their career with something so ambitious, haunting, and unforgettable.

Rating:

Quote:
NOODLES: “You can always tell the winners at the starting gate. You can always tell the winners and you can tell the losers.”

Trivia:
Robert De Niro suggested that James Woods wear a set of perfect, bright white teeth to demonstrate Secretary Bailey’s wealth and vanity. The producers balked at the cost, so De Niro paid for them himself.

Videodrome

Director: David Cronenberg
Written by: David Cronenberg
Cast: James Woods, Sonja Smits, Deborah Harry, Peter Dvorsky

Year / Country: 1983, Canada
Running Time: 84 mins.

In David Cronenberg’s Videodrome, shabby network TV-producer Max Renn (James Woods) is searching for the ultimate shock-TV experience to serve his buccaneers. When his tech-man Harlan breaks into a secret cult-network show called ‘Videodrome’ he finds what he is looking for. A series of snuff videos that are very grotesque, realistic and brutal. Not meant for public consumption. But, as Max puts it, his channel is too small to be considered public.

Max justifies his occupation with economics. His network is small and can only survive by giving the audience something they can’t get anywhere else, hence his interest in Videodrome. When Max participates in a television debate about the ethics of his work, he meets the girl Nicki with whom he hooks up afterwards. She turns out to be pretty much a masochist, who wants to audition for Videodrome herself. Then Max finds out that the show – that is all about torture, mutilation and murder – is real.

When Max goes to speak to television guru Brian O’Blivion, he starts having hallucinations. And very soon the lines between reality and video begin to fade. It goes deep. What we learn along with Max is that reality is pure perception. According to O’Blivion, Videodrome will eventually evolve the human brain so that it will be able to control hallucinations and change the human reality entirely.

Master of body horror David Cronenberg sets up this creepy movie perfectly. The prospect of an unleashed hallucination machine is pretty much terrifying, especially after seeing what Max sees. Max has to watch his own body mutate when a videocassette inserter appears in his belly. This can be used by the creators of Videodrome to insert hallucinations in the form of pulsating VHS-cassettes. The flesh transformations are made very gruesomely by FX-wizard Rick Baker. A frightening exploration of the mind of those who like extreme stuff. A movie that was ahead of its time and is still powerful today in both style and message.

Rating:

Biography: David Cronenberg (1943, Toronto), also known as the King of Venereal Horror or the Baron of Blood, grew up in Toronto. His father was a journalist and his mother a piano player. Cronenberg graduated from the University of Toronto with a degree in literature after switching from the science department. He then turned to filmmaking and reached a cult status with a few early horror features including Shivers and Rabid. He rapidly became a very popular genre filmmaker and eventually a true auteur, making profound statements on modern humanity and ever-changing society.

Filmography (a selection): Transfer (1966, short) / Stereo (1969) / Shivers (1975) / Rabid (1977) / Fast Company (1979) / The Brood (1979) / Scanners (1981) / The Dead Zone (1983) / The Fly (1986) / Dead Ringers (1988) / Naked Lunch (1991) / Crash (1996) / eXistenZ (1999) / Spider (2002) / A History of Violence (2005) / Eastern Promises (2007) / A Dangerous Method (2011) / Cosmopolis (2012) / Crimes of the Future (2022)