Tagarchief: Chicago

Devil in the White City

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld

Tijdens mijn recente vakantie in Italië las ik ‘Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic and Madness at the Fair That Changed America’ van Erik Larson – een fascinerend non-fictie boek dat leest als een historische roman.

Het vertelt het waargebeurde verhaal van twee mannen die aan het einde van de 19e eeuw een cruciale, maar tegengestelde rol speelden in de Amerikaanse geschiedenis: de een als schepper, de ander als vernietiger.

De eerste is Daniel Burnham, een gerenommeerd architect die samen met zijn partner John Root een succesvol bureau runde in het opbloeiende Chicago. Zij ontwierpen onder meer het Home Insurance Building, vaak beschouwd als de eerste wolkenkrabber ter wereld.

Toch was hun grootste uitdaging nog in aantocht: toen de Verenigde Staten besloot een wereldtentoonstelling te organiseren ter ere van de 400e verjaardag van Columbus’ aankomst in Amerika, werd Chicago gekozen als locatie.

De World’s Columbian Exposition van 1893 moest de Franse tentoonstelling van 1889 (met de Eiffeltoren) overtreffen – en Burnham kreeg de taak om in slechts twee jaar een hele stad uit de grond te stampen.

Het andere centrale personage is H.H. Holmes (echte naam: Herman Webster Mudgett), een charmante maar meedogenloze zwendelaar en seriemoordenaar. Holmes vergaarde rijkdom door een apotheek over te nemen en talloze oplichtingspraktijken, vaak gekoppeld aan huwelijken, levensverzekeringen en moord.

Toen hij hoorde van de wereldtentoonstelling, bouwde hij aan de rand van het terrein zijn eigen ‘World’s Fair Hotel’ – een labyrintisch gebouw met geluiddichte kamers, gaskamers en valse deuren. De bouw werd uitgevoerd door steeds wisselende aannemers, die hij nooit betaalde. Waarom had iemand een geluidsdichte kluis in een hotel nodig? En waarom verdwenen zoveel vrouwen die in zijn apotheek werkten, vaak met al hun bezittingen achtergelaten?


Dezelfde snor, verschillende karakters: Daniel Burnham (links) en H.H. Holmes (rechts)

Larson beschrijft hoe Burnham, ondanks tegenslagen – zoals de plotselinge dood van zijn partner Root aan een longontsteking – de ‘Witte Stad’ (White City) realiseerde: een indrukwekkend complex van 200 neoklassieke gebouwen, kanalen en innovaties, waaronder elektrische verlichting (dankzij Westinghouse en Tesla).

Lang was onduidelijk hoe de tentoonstelling de Eiffeltoren kon evenaren. Burnham concludeerde dat een toren onmogelijk te overtreffen was. Toen kwam ingenieur George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. met een revolutionair idee: een gigantisch draaiend wiel waarin bezoekers konden plaatsnemen. Met het eerste Ferris Wheel kreeg de tentoonstelling alsnog een iconisch symbool dat de Eiffeltoren waardig was.

Maar terwijl Chicago juichte om zijn trots, huisvestte de stad ook een duister geheim: Holmes’ moordkasteel. De politie leek blind voor de talloze vermiste vrouwen in zijn omgeving. Uiteindelijk werd Holmes ontmaskerd en vastgesteld dat hij minstens negen mensen had vermoord, waaronder drie kinderen, vaak door slachtoffers op te sluiten in luchtdichte ruimtes en gas in te leiden. Het werkelijke aantal slachtoffers blijft onbekend.

‘Devil in the White City’ is meer dan een waargebeurd misdaadverhaal: het schetst een portret van een tijdperk – een era van vooruitgang en wreedheid, waarin Chicago herrees na de Grote Brand van 1871 (17.000 verwoeste gebouwen, 300 doden) en een tyfusepidemie die 10 procent van de bevolking wegvaagde.

De schrijver reconstrueert twee van Holmes zijn moorden, maar het zou nog fascinerender zijn om dieper in Holmes’ psyche door te dringen. Het is dan ook een droomproject voor Martin Scorsese, met Leonardo DiCaprio in de rol van Holmes. In 2010 verwierf DiCaprio de filmrechten.

Toch zijn er nog geen tekenen dat de verfilming er komt. De leeftijd van de betrokken legendes speelt een rol, maar de hoop blijft. Zo’n film zou de magie van dit fascinerende stuk Amerikaanse geschiedenis voor een nieuwe generatie tot leven kunnen wekken.


De World’s Columbian Exposition van 1893

Life Itself: The Life and Times of Roger Ebert

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld


“I was born inside the movie of my life… I don’t know how I got into the movie, but it continues to entertain me.”
― Roger Ebert

The career of Roger Ebert (1942 – 2013), probably the most famous mainstream film critic of all time, started as a sport writer at a newspaper. “I can write. I just always could”, he said about his early career. He wasn’t exaggerating. His talent was noted and on 21 he already had a column in the local newspaper in Illinois.

He moved to Chicago, got hired directly by The Chicago Sun Times and when their film critic retired, they gave him the job. He would stay in this job until his death in 2013. When he started his job in 1967, he was the youngest film critic in America. One of his early reviews was for Bonnie and Clyde, which was released in that year. He called it “a milestone in the history of American movies, a work of truth and brilliance” and awarded it four out of four stars.

Colleagues describe Ebert as ‘fast and furious’. He could produce a thought-out review in 30 minutes. He is the only film critic to win a Pulitzer price. His formula: producing 6 film reviews a week. During his career, he viewed 10.000 movies and reviewed 6.000 of them. From my personal experience, I can say this is a lot.

In his later life, Ebert got cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands and in 2006 his lower jaw was removed. In the documentary Life Itself, the renowned film critic looks back on his life.

Ebert saw films as ‘empathy machines’. They have the power to transport us to different times and places, and place us in the shoes of all sorts of characters. Early in his career, he would drink a lot and develop a major alcohol problem. He checked in AA in August 1997 and stayed sober till his death.

Another notable fact about his early career was he co-wrote the screenplay for Russ Meyer’s Beyond the Valley of the Dolls. What attracted him to Russ Meyer movies? the documentary maker Steve James asks an interviewee. “Boobs”, is the simple answer.

Ebert had a lot to say about films. He would also do live performances in which he would analyse classics like Vertigo and In Cold Blood frame by frame. “He had something interesting to say about every frame”, a friend observes.

He could certainly be critical, but in a kind way, says Martin Scorsese. Ebert reviewed his first film Who’s That Knocking On My Door and promised he would become the American Fellini. He turned out to be right. Many unknown filmmakers loved Ebert; he could lift them – and their films – out of obscurity.

Ebert became really famous when he was coupled to other Chicago critic Gene Siskel for a TV show. The two were enemies at first, but they developed a great dynamic with furious discussions about the movies they loved/hated. For example, Ebert loved Scarface and Siskel hated it and they had a great discussion. The other way around: Ebert said Full Metal Jacket was “not original, and not a masterpiece” and Siskel thought it “was very original and close to a masterpiece.”

The cities New York and L.A. refused to air the program for a long time, because the reviewers were from Chicago. But eventually gave in and their programme At The Movies became a nationwide success; the two thumbs up or down they pioneered could make or break a movie…

A large segment of the documentary focuses on the Cannes Film Festival, which Ebert frequently attended and later wrote a book about. During the festival, he also pioneered early internet use by phoning in daily reviews for his newspaper. Before his passing, he built a cutting-edge website where his entire body of work is archived. It remains a vital resource for film information.

So why is the documentary, which was based on his autobiography, named ‘Life Itself’? A former colleague from the newspaper explains that Ebert was the lead star and director of the movie that was his life. And quite the movie it turned out to be.

12 Roger Ebert Reviews with Surprising Ratings
On IMDb, each classic film from Ebert’s era features a dedicated reviews page where critics contribute. Roger Ebert consistently ranks as the top reviewer for these movies, with each of his reviews including a rating from one to four stars. But which of his ratings stand out as the most unexpected?

1.) Blue Velvet –– 1 out of 4
2.) The Usual Suspects –– 1,5 out of 4
3.) A Clockwork Orange –– 2 out of 4
4.) Die Hard –– 2 out of 4
5.) Fight Club –– 2 out of 4
6.) Full Metal Jacket –– 2,5 out of 4
7.) Once Upon a Time in the West –– 2,5 out of 4
8.) Reservoir Dogs –– 2,5 out of 4
9.) Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace –– 3,5 out of 4
10.) Gates of Heaven –– 4 out of 4
11.) Knowing –– 4 out of 4
12.) Man Push Cart –– 4 out of 4

10 Management Lessons From Highly Successful Gangsters

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld

By Jeppe Kleijngeld

Running a large company or criminal empire, what’s the difference? The demands for its managers and leaders are very similar for sure. As a leader, your vision needs to inspire others and your actions need to have significant impact. You also need to be able to effectively solve problems and prevent painful blunders. Taking a close look at 10 highly successful gangsters from popular movies and television series can be inspirational. Eventually most of them went down, but they all had impressive careers as criminal CEO’s. What can business leaders learn from their successful approaches and significant failures?

1. Plan all your actions carefully
Neil McCauley
The Gangster: Neil McCauley, Heat

The Lesson: In the spectacular opening scene of Michael Mann’s Heat, criminal chief Neil McCauley and his team of robbers manage to take down a huge score. The key to their success? Planning, planning, planning. McCauley is a perfectionist; every detail needs to be scrupulously prepared, nothing can be left to coincidence. It there is even a slight chance that something is wrong; he will walk away from a job no matter how much money is at stake. Off course, there is a slight bump in the road for McCauley and his team later on, but that is only because pulling armed robberies is a highly volatile business. But even with a terrific investigation team on their tail lead by a fanatical Al Pacino, they manage to take down another – even larger – score later on in the movie.

2. Build a team you can rely on
Joe Cabot
The Gangster: Joe Cabot, Reservoir Dogs

The Lesson: ‘I should have my head examined for going with someone I wasn’t a 100 percent on…’ Yeah, you should have Joe. As a manager, your most important task is to choose the right people around you and make them perform optimally. When you have a crucial project to realise – a diamond heist in Joe Cabot’s case – you don’t want to take any chances on whom you hire for the job. Joe’s negligence at this point, allowed a special LAPD-agent to infiltrate his crew, leading to a disastrous outcome for the project and all those involved.

3. Always look out for opportunities and know when to strike
Henry Hill
The Gangster: Henry Hill, GoodFellas

The Lesson: In Wiseguy, the novel on which the classic mob movie GoodFellas is based, protagonist Henry Hill describes his bewonderment at how lazy many people are. Great entrepreneurs like him are always looking for new ways to make money. Once in a while, a golden opportunity arises and a highly successful business manager will recognize this once in a lifetime chance and grab it. In Henry Hill’s case, this was the Air France heist in 1967. He walked away with 420.000 US dollars from the Air France cargo terminal at JFK International Airport without using a gun; the largest cash robbery that had taken place at the time. This was Hill’s ticket to long term success within the Mafia.

4. Analyse, decide and execute with conviction
Michael Corleone
The Gangster: Michael Corleone, The Godfather

The Lesson: Your success as executive depends for a great deal on the way you make decisions and follow them through. When his father, family patriarch Don Vito Corleone, is shot by Virgil ‘The Turk’ Sollozzo, Michael Corleone knows the threat of his father’s killing will not be over until Sollozo is dead. That is his analysis. Then, without any hesitation, he decides to kill Sollozo despite the hard consequences that he knows will follow. The third part – the execution – he performs flawlessly, killing Sollozo and his bodyguard Police Captain McCluskey in a restaurant. Michael later in the film again proves to be an extremely decisive leader when he has the heads of the five families killed when they conspire against the Corleone family.

5. Support the local community
Young Vito Corleone
The Gangster: Young Vito Corleone, The Godfather Part II

The Lesson: For long term success, you need more than just great products (in the mob’s case: protection, gambling and theft). You will need commitment from all your stakeholders and especially goodwill from the communities you operate in. Young Vito Corleone sees that gangster boss Fanucci is squeezing out everybody in the neighbourhood he lives in. Nobody is happy with him. So he murders Fanucci and takes over as neighbourhood chieftain. Rather than squeezing out people, he starts helping them. Every favour he does for somebody, earns him a favour in return. Those are a lot of favours and a lot of people who think he deserves his success and wealth. They are willing to give everything for their Don.

6. Don’t be afraid to use your subconscious
Tony Soprano
The Gangster: Tony Soprano, The Sopranos

The Lesson: As a leader, you want to base your decisions on hard facts as much as possible, but sometimes your intuition is much more powerful than the greatest performance dashboard in the world. In the first season of HBO’s monumental Mafia series The Sopranos, family patriarch Tony Soprano’s own mother tries to have him whacked. He had revealing dreams about this before it happened, but refused to look at the painful true meaning of these dreams. Through therapy, he learned to use his subconscious like a true expert, so when his friend Big Pussy Bonpensiero starts ratting for the FBI in season 2, he knows something is wrong. In a fever dream, Big Pussy (as a fish), reveals the hard truth to Tony. When he wakes up, he knows exactly what to do. Big Pussy must sleep with the fishes. Tony’s new ability to listen to his subconscious makes him a much more effective leader.

7. Think and act faster
Nucky Thompson
The Gangster: Nucky Thompson, Boardwalk Empire

The Lesson: After a botched assassination attempt on bootlegger and crooked politician Nucky Thompson, his enemies are left numb and indecisive of what to do next. Nucky – on the other hand – immediately makes a counter move. He goes to see his enemies and tells them the attempt on his life changed his perspective on things. He will abandon the bootlegging business and politics, so his enemies can take over. In secret however, Nucky books a trip to Ireland the next day, where he purchases a huge amount of cheap and highly qualitative Irish whiskey. His enemies underestimated him. By thinking and acting faster than his opponents, Nucky manages to surprise them and outperform them in business.

8. Take compliance seriously
Al Capone
The Gangster: Al Capone, The Untouchables

The Lesson: He was the king of his trade; the bootlegging business in Chicago. He made millions importing booze and selling it to bars and clubs. The thing that brought him down was income tax evasion. Managers can learn a simple truth from this mistake; compliance is your license to operate. Off course in Capone’s case this was a little different because he did not have any legal income to begin with, but many CEO’s of businesses have fallen into the same compliance trap. Sure, sometimes it is cheaper to pay a fine than to spend a fortune on meeting some obsolete policy, but you should never fail to answer to the most important rules and regulations. So even when it is sometimes tempting to bend the rules, in the end: being non-compliant is always more costly than being compliant.

9. Ride the Industry Waves
Tony Montana
The Gangster: Tony Montana, Scarface

The Lesson: Every industry has its waves, and a great CEO knows how to ride these waves. Take the drug business in the 1980’s. Cocaine was coming up big time in Florida. After Montana gets rid of his weak boss Frank, he sets up a massive cocaine trade in Miami and surroundings. His supply chain is very efficient. He imports the stuff straight from the source in Bolivia. Nobody can compete with that. It isn’t before long that Montana is Florida’s one and only cocaine king.

10. Keep your friends close and your enemies closer
Don Vito Corleone
The Gangster: Don Vito Corleone, The Godfather

The Lesson: You want to know what your competitors are up to? Invite them over for dinner and a meeting. Don Vito Corleone does it all the time. When he invites the heads of the five families for a sit down, in this powerful scene in The Godfather, he learns a great deal. It is not Tattaglia he should worry about, but that treacherous Barzini. Now that he understands the conspiracy against the Corleone family, he can help his son Michael take the necessary precautions.

Capone (1975)

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld


‘The man who made the twenties roar! Now, after 45 years, his true story can be told!

Directed by:
Steve Carver

Written by:
Howard Browne

Cast:
Ben Gazzara (Al Capone), Harry Guardino (Johnny Torrio), Sylvester Stallone (Frank Nitti), Susan Blakely (Iris Crawford), John Cassavetes (Frankie Yale), Frank Campanella (Big Jim Colosimo), John D. Chandler (Earl ‘Hymie’ Weiss), Peter Maloney (Jake Guzik), Royal Dano (Anton J. Cermak), Dick Miller (Deputy Sherrif Joe Pryor)

Alphonse Capone wasn’t Mafia strictly speaking. But his outfit in Chicago was much more powerful and feared than the many mob families in the US. In this biography, we follow him as he rises from the streets of Brooklyn to the top of the Chicago underworld.

His mentor was Johnny Torrio (Harry Guardino) , a business oriented gangster who saw major opportunities in the upcoming prohibition and potential in the thuggish Al Capone. When Torrio moves to Chicago to profit from the opened-up illegal booze market, he brings Capone along as his second man. After ridding themselves of a local big shot, they quickly build a vast empire that generates millions of dollars monthly. The roaring twenties have begun.

But North Side gangsters, such as Hymie Weiss, Dion O’Bannion and George ‘Bugs’ Moran oppose the rising power and a gang war ensues. Torrio, who doesn’t have a stomach for blood, leaves Chicago after a failed assassination attempt and Capone inherits the business. This results in more bloodshed, right until the infamous St. Valentine’s Day Massacre and the demise of Capone along with the end of the prohibition.

This movie contains a lot of Tommy gun action, tit shots and fist fights, making it little more than an exploitation flick. No wonder, since Roger Corman, King of the B’s, is the producer. The cast is pretty B too and the acting no more than okay. Gazzara’s portrayal of Capone relies too much on yelling and tough guy talk, while the then unknown Sylvester Stallone shows little promise here. Only Guardino is excellent as Torrio.

Capone starts promising, but for a biography, it remains way too shallow to really captivate the viewer. We just don’t get to know Capone. All we really see is that he is a hothead with a big mouth and a Tommy gun. Also the historic accuracy of this film should be taken with a big grain of salt.

Rating:

Quote:
JOHNNY TORRIO: “Chicago is a beer drinking town. No law can change that.”

Trivia:
In the film, Capone’s henchman Frank Nitti frames Capone, resulting in his conviction for income tax evasion. He then takes over the outfit. In reality, Nitti was convicted for the same felony and received an 18 months sentence.