Tagarchief: The Silence of the Lambs

The 20 Greatest Ultra Villains in Movies

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld

20. Bill the Butcher

Played by: Daniel Day-Lewis
Film(s): Gangs of New York (2002)
Line: ‘Ears and noses will be the trophies of the day. But no hand shall touch him.’

Nothing goes too far for William ‘Bill the Butcher’ Cutting in his personal mission to oppress the new immigrants whom Bill sees as mere cockroaches. His name is very appropriate: whenever he joins the street fights, he slaughters enemies by the dozens using his vast set of knives and stabbing weapons. He shows a softer side around Amsterdam, who he sees as the son he never had, but in the end, Bill is a bad man. Played to perfection by Daniel Day Lewis.

19. Mr. Joshua

Played by: Gary Busey
Film(s): Lethal Weapon (1987)
Line: ‘See, Martin, we have a problem. Since we have Murtaugh, we don’t really need you. But I believe in being thorough.’

The ultra blond Mr. Joshua is pretty much a badass. He shows his macho behavior in his intro-scene by letting his employer hold a lighter under his arm for a pretty long time. Riggs and Murtaugh have a lot of trouble with this ex-commando. In his mission to smuggle heroin into the United States, he lets nothing or nobody get in his way. He scores extra points for his pretty good fighting skills.

18. The Terminator

Played by: Arnold Schwarzenegger
Film(s): The Terminator (1984)
Line: ‘Your clothes – give them to me, now.’

Schwarzenegger is perfectly cast as a killing machine. The Terminator is one scary motherfucker. ‘Sarah Connor? Yes. Boom!!!’ He is efficient and unstoppable. The perfect invention really. James Cameron (director) and Stan Winston (special effects) have really outdone themselves. The highlight? There are many, but Schwarzenegger barging in the police station killing everybody is pretty damn exciting.

17. Amon Goeth

Played by: Ralph Fiennes
Film(s): Schindler’s List (1993)
Line: ‘Ah, an educated Jew… like Karl Marx himself. Unterscharfuehrer! Shoot her.’

Can a psycho Nazi killer still be charismatic? Leave it to Ralph Fiennes to pull it off. Even though Goeth commits horrible acts and certainly deserves to die for it, he can be touching in a strange and remote way. A truly remarkable bad guy, right up until his ‘Heil Hitler’ sent off.

16. Judge Doom

Played by: Christopher Lloyd
Film(s): Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Line: ‘Soon, where Toon Town once stood will be a string of gas stations, inexpensive motels, restaurants that serve rapidly prepared food.’

Christopher Lloyd who nailed the ultimately sympathetic ‘Doc’ in Back to the Future, plays a really scary dude here. Judge Doom is one malicious bastard and the type of villain we could use more of: wacky, evil-lookin’ and carrying a dark secret. Brilliant character in a brilliant movie.

15. Anton Chigurh

Played by: Javier Bardem
Film(s): No Country for Old Men (2007)
Line: ‘What’s the most you have ever lost in a coin toss?’

Chigurh is one weird psycho killer for sure. Armed with an oxygen tank and a shotgun he makes life very difficult for the people in the wasteland of the Texas-Nevada borderlands His entrance in No Country for Old Men alone is enough to earn him this position. Add to that his terrible haircut, his deep voice and his seemingly random killing spree and you got an A-grade villain that’s just hard to forget.

14. Freddy Krueger

Played by: Robert Englund
Film(s): A Nightmare on Elm Street series (1984-2003)
Line: ‘I’m your boyfriend now, Nancy.’

The child murdering Freddy literally gives his victims nightmares. Both his burned face and his evil mind tricks can make everybody crap their pants. Freddy is without a doubt the greatest supernatural killer to ever appear on the white screen.

13. Annie Wilkes

Played by: Kathy Bates
Film(s): Misery (1990)
Line: ‘You! You dirty bird! How could you?’

Pour Paul Sheldon. Being captured by his greatest fan is a nightmare beyond imagination. He is constantly walking on eggshells as the slightest provocation will set off Annie Wilkes big time. It’s hard to say what kind of disorder she actually ‘suffers’ from, but there is no doubt that she is completely batshit.

12. Skeletor

Played by: Frank Langella
Film(s): Masters of the Universe (1987)
Line: ‘I am Skeletor.’

Masters of the Universe is no masterpiece, but Frank Langella really elevates the movie with his highly enjoyable appearance. His portrayal of Skeletor, who was already a favorite villain in cartoons, became a most memorable bad guy. His looks are spot on, and he rules his underlings with an iron fist. It’s a total shame that He-Man kicks him into a dark, deep shaft at the end of the movie.

11. Saruman

Played by: Christopher Lee
Film(s): The Lord of the Rings Trilogy (2001 / 2002 / 2003)
Line: ‘Hunt them down! Do not stop until they are found. You do not know pain, you do not know fear. You’ll taste men-flesh!’

While Sauron may be the real bad guy in The Lord of the Rings, Saruman makes a far greater impression. His voice is perhaps his greatest asset. The way he utters spells and commands is just the ultimate in evil cool. Christopher Lee, almost 80 when he played this, is remarkable in the role that he was born to play. When it comes to evil old wizards surrounded by Orcs, Saruman is the man.

10. Agent Smith

Played by: Hugo Weaving
Film(s): The Matrix (1999) / The Matrix Reloaded (2003) / The Matrix Revolutions (2003)
Line: ‘I will enjoy watching you die…Mr. Anderson.’

Who ever thought a software application could be this menacing? Smith may be funny with his monotone voice and robotic locomotion, but he can be vicious as well. It’s really hard to relax with this guy around, and he is always around. When you think he’s finally gone, he returns with clone abilities. Smith is an unstoppable force of destruction and can ultimately be only stopped by himself. Now that’s pretty bad.

9. Clarence Boddicker

Played by: Kurtwood Smith
Film(s): RoboCop (1987)
Line: ‘Can you fly Bobby?’

It’s not exactly his looks that make Clarence Boddicker ultra villain material. It is his ruthless and merciless attitude. He first shows his vileness, when he kicks one of his wounded cronies out of a moving truck. Soon after, he displays a real sadistic streak when he brutally murders Murphy. Although he’s a street level boss, he meets personally with Dick Jones, Vice President at OCP (Omni Consumer Products) showing he is also an intelligent and competent gang leader.

8. T-1000

Played by: Robert Patrick
Film(s): Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
Line: ‘Thank you for your cooperation.’

Robert Patrick as the liquid metal T-1000 is an example of perfect casting. This unstoppable and constantly morphing killing machine is pretty scary at times. The fact that he is wearing a police uniform makes this even worse. Rather than ‘protect and serve’, he fanatically chases John Connor around while killing everybody that gets in his way. Glad to have Schwarzenegger around, the only one with a remote chance to stop it. Now that’s pretty telling.

7. Bill

Played by: David Carradine
Film(s): Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (2003) / Kill Bill: Vol. 2 (2004)
Line: ‘Do you find me sadistic?’

Bill is a murderous bastard, but he can be honorable as well. When the Bride arrives to take revenge on Bill for shooting her in the head, he grants her one night with her daughter, who she had presumed to be dead. Make no mistake though, in the duel that follows he would have killed her without mercy if it hadn’t been for her special skills. A classic villain who gets extra points for his great knowledge of martial arts and pop culture.

6. Major Arnold Toht

Played by: Ronald Lacey
Film(s): Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
Line: ‘You Americans, you’re all the same. Always overdressing for the wrong occasions.’

The boring communists in The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull showed again what great villains Nazi’s can be. Major Toht is an absolute favorite. A very unpleasant appearance and an equally disturbing voice can make someone cringe. It’s a true relief when his face starts melting towards the end of Raiders of the Lost Ark.

5. Emperor Palpatine

Played by: Ian McDiarmid
Film(s): Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (1983)
Line: ‘Welcome young Skywalker. I’m looking forward to completing your training. In time, you will call me…master!’

While the Ewoks made Return of the Jedi just a little too child friendly, Ian McDiarmid restored the balance with his dark portrayal of the Emperor. Allegedly, serial killer Jeffrey Damner was a huge fan of Palpatine. This figures, because Palpatine is a true incarnation of evil. Every line he utters comes out as pure poison. He is often underestimated because of his fragile old appearance, but make no mistake! When Palpatine starts using his dark side force techniques there is nobody who can stop him. Well there’s always one.

4. Hans Gruber

Played by: Alan Rickman
Film(s): Die Hard (1988)
Line: ‘Nice suit. John Phillips, London. I have two myself. Rumor has it Arafat buys his there.’

Another German villain to make the list. It is just hard to ignore their bad guy potential. Hans Gruber is the perfect baddie against Bruce Willis’ hero John McClane. He is both ruthless and smart, but certainly not without a sense of humor and style. You gotta hand it to this guy. Up till now, the Die Hard creators haven’t yet found a suitable replacement for him as the villains in the four sequels all made far less of an impression.

3. Frank

Played by: Henry Fonda
Film(s): Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)
Line: ‘I could crush you like a wormy apple.’

Not a businessman but ‘just a man’. If that is true, humanity is truly fucked. Look at Frank’s sins: killing a young boy in his first appearance, raping Jill McBain and off course the thing he did to royally piss off Harmonica. Nobody figured the sympathetic Henry Fonda could play a bad guy this well. He proved them dead wrong. Frank is one of the most accomplished villains ever, and Fonda should have won an Oscar for the part.

2. Dr. Hannibal Lecter

Played by: Anthony Hopkins
Film(s): The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Line: ‘I’m having an old friend for dinner.’

Anthony Hopkins delivers a wicked and Oscar-winning performance as Dr. Hannibal Lecter. Charming, extremely intelligent, psychically strong: Lecter has it all. One of the few baddies in this list who actually survives the films he is in, Lecter stands above the regular laws of good and evil. He just does what he does. His character has been exploited a little too much in modern cinema and literature, but his turn in The Silence of the Lambs remains one of the most chilling and spellbinding performances ever in cinema history.

1. Darth Vader

Played by: David Prowse, James Earl Jones (voice)
Film(s): Star Wars Trilogy (1977 / 1980 / 1883)
Line: ‘If you only knew the power of the dark side.’

Its villains have always been the best thing about Star Wars, but Darth Vader is the baddest motherfucker of them all. It is hard to say which is cooler; his voice (and breathing), his name or his appearance. His introduction in A New Hope alone makes him the best movie villain ever. But he also has a fair share in fighting skills, force power and strategy. Just a fantastic character altogether.

10 Reasons the Nineties’ Cinema Kicked Ass

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld

I was a little young to realize what a terrific time for cinema the nineties were. Holy crap. Around forty percent of my favorite movies come from the nineties, including my number one of all time: GoodFellas. In this article, I will give you 10 reasons why the nineties kicked complete ass as a movie decade.

1. Tarantino’s Arrival
In 1992, a young film maverick silently arrived with Reservoir Dogs. Many viewers and critics were a little off-put by the violence and immoral characters, but yet loved the non-chronological storytelling, the brilliant dialogues and the awesome performances. The talent of this new writer/director named Quentin Tarantino was undeniable.

Two years later he blew critics and audiences away with his epic Pulp Fiction. Tarantino was for the nineties what Scorsese was for the seventies; a significant promise. And he delivered. The nineties saw him direct an excellent third movie, Jackie Brown (1997), and two of his screenplays were turned into memorable films: True Romance (1993) and Natural Born Killers (1994). In 1996 he also made From Dusk Till Dawn with another promising young director from Texas. Robert Rodriguez had debuted in 1992 with the low budget miracle El Mariachi which he followed up with Desperado (1995). A duo was formed…

2. It Was a Time to Thrill
The nineties was the decade of the thriller. Especially the detective versus serial killer genre flourished with The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and Se7en (1995). Of course these two spawned countless imitations, but none as good. Another excellent movie in the psychopath category is Rob Reiner’s adaptation of Stephen King’s Misery in 1990. That movie’s villain Annie Wilkes (played by Kathy Bates) is probably even scarier than Hannibal Lecter, Buffalo Bill and John Doe combined.

The nineties also had more than its share in fantastic crime thrillers. Top examples include Brian de Palma’s Carlito’s Way (1993), Luc Besson’s Leon (1994), Michael Mann’s Heat (1995), Brian Singer’s The Usual Suspects (1995) and Curtis Hanson’s L.A. Confidential (1997). Special mention in the Thriller department goes to Paul Verhoeven’s erotic contribution Basic Instinct (1992), an absolute classic in its genre.

3. Glory Days For the Coens
They already made an impression as independent filmmakers in the 1980’s. Both their debut Blood Simple and second feature Raising Arizona tasted like more. In the 1990’s they really became film-buffs’ favorites. Miller’s Crossing (1990) is a perfect take on Dashiell Hammett and possibly their finest crafted work. Later, this decade, they had a brilliant black comedy run with the unforgettable classics Fargo (1996) and The Big Lebowski (1998). These Coen Brothers are absolutely terrific.

4. History Can Be Fun
Sure, every period has produced great historical movies, but the nineties had a very impressive reaping in the War / History genre. Way above average to be sure. In 1990 a certain Kevin Costner brought the American frontier to the big screen with the Oscar-winning epic Dances With Wolves. It was a marvelous revitalization of the Western genre. World War 2 is also captured in several Oscar-winning pictures, most notably Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List (the ultimate WWII film), but also in Saving Private Ryan (also by Spielberg), La Vita E Bella (by Roberto Benigni) and The Thin Red Line (by Terrence Malick).

Another great war story is spectacularly told in Braveheart (1995), the bloody epic that showed that Mel Gibson is a highly competent director. A number of excellent historical biographies also saw the light of day, most notably JFK (1991, Oliver Stone) and Ed Wood (1994, Tim Burton). And last but least, Titanic (1997, James Cameron) and Forrest Gump (1994, Robert Zemeckis) came out and successfully combined fictional stories with historic events.

5. Great Stand Alone Triumphs
While many masterpieces made in the nineties are part of a larger oeuvre or movement, there were also loads and loads of standalone triumphs. Movies that seemingly came out of nowhere and surprised friend and foe. Below, I picked one of my favorites of these surprises for each year of the nineties. Choosing just one was very difficult in some cases…

1990 Edward Scissorhands (Tim Burton)
1991 Thelma & Louise (Ridley Scott)
1992 Hard Boiled (John Woo)
1993 Groundhog Day (Harold Ramis)
1994 The Shawshank Redemption (Frank Darabont)
1995 Toy Story (John Lasseter)
1996 Bound (Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski)
1997 Boogie Nights (Paul Thomas Anderson)
1998 Festen (Thomas Vinterberg)
1999 Fight Club (David Fincher)

6. Harvest of Horror
O.k., so the eighties ruled in the Horror territory. That doesn’t mean the nineties sucked. What is so great about it then? Well, Wes Craven’s re-invention of the slasher genre with Scream (1996) and Scream 2 (1997) was a terrific postmodern treat leading to many new series, such as I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), and new installments of old horror series like Bride of Chucky (1998). It goes without saying that some of these were better than others.

Abel Ferrara made a significant contribution to the genre with Body Snatchers (1993), a very effective remake of the classic Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and The Addiction (1995), a great original take on the vampire genre. Speaking of vampires, what to think of Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992) by Francis Ford Coppola? It’s the best version since Tod Browning’s original from 1931.

The formidable Sam Raimi completed his magnificent Evil Dead trilogy with Army of Darkness, the funniest installment yet. Peter Jackson also combined humor and supreme gore in Braindead (1992) and also delivered The Frighteners (1996). Anything else? Certainly. A selection: Joe Dante’s Gremlins 2 (1990), Adrian Lyne’s Jacob’s Ladder (1990), Ron Underwood’s Tremors (1990), David Fincher’s Alien 3 (1992), Jean-Pierre Jeunet’s Alien: Resurrection (1997) and Taylor Hackford’s The Devil’s Advocate. Last but not least, Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez’s The Blair Witch Project (1999) spawned a new horror genre with its handheld camera. It’s also the first movie that successfully used the internet to create a hype.

7. The Brits are Back in Town
After a period of recession, the British film industry bloomed again in the nineties. Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) launched the career of Hugh Grant and was a smash hit at the box office. In 1995 James Bond returned after a long period in the pretty awesome Goldeneye. What’s really great about British cinema in the nineties is the emergence of new talent though. The trio John Hodge, Danny Boyle and Andrew MacDonald made a terrific debut with Shallow Grave (1994) and followed it up with one of the best films of the decade: Trainspotting (1996). In 1998 Guy Ritchie was another positive British surprise with the very funny and exciting Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels.

8. Scorsese Scores Big-time
He delivered brilliant work in the seventies (Mean Streets, Taxi Driver) and eighties (Raging Bull). In the early nineties the maestro showed that he could deliver masterpieces in every decennium. He started by breaking all cinematic conventions in GoodFellas (1990), the greatest film ever made about the real Mafia. Then he made the highly influential thriller Cape Fear (1991) and the excellent costume drama The Age of Innocence (1993) before returning to the mob genre with the superbly realized Casino (1995). He ended the decade with the underrated Bringing Out the Dead (1999).

9. Indie Cinema to the Max
Tarantino and the Coens are already honored in this overview, but there are many other great independent American directors who made their entrance in the nineties or definitely established themselves as masters. In the debut department, we saw Richard Linklater arrive with Slacker (1991), Dazed and Confused (1993) and Before Sunrise (1995). Kevin Smith also made a super impression with the low budget comedy Clerks (1994).

Other indie directors delivered some of their finest work in the nineties. For instance, Jim Jarmusch made Dead Man (1995) and Ghost Dog: Way of the Samurai (1999), David Lynch made Lost Highway (1997) and The Straight Story (1999), Steven Soderbergh made King of the Hill (1993) and Out of Sight (1998) and Todd Solondz made Happiness (1998). If we could only go back to re-experience this richness in indie cinema again. Oh boy.

10. Sci-Fi is Booming
The early nineties saw Schwarzenegger star in two of the most kick-ass Sci-Fi / Action movies of our time: Total Recall (1990) and Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). The director of the first one, Paul Verhoeven, would write more sci-fi history in 1997 with Starship Troopers (1997). Other excellent movies in this genre that came out in the nineties are: Robert Zemeckis’ Back to the Future III (1990), Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park (1993), Terry Gilliam’s Twelve Monkeys (1995), Roland Emerich’s Independence Day (1996), Luc Besson’s The Fifth Element (1997), Paul W.S. Anderson’s Event Horizon (1997), David Cronenberg’s ExistenZ (1999) and Dean Parisot’s Galaxy Quest (1999).

The final year of the millennium also saw Star Wars return to the big screen, but Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) was not an all positive experience. It was another sci-fi film released in 1999 that formed the perfect transition into the new millennium: the cyberpunk story The Matrix by the Wachowski brothers (now sisters). An exciting (and very, very good) surprise hit and the greatest ending imaginable for a movie decade that completely rocked.

Cannibalism Now!

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld

In Cannibal Holocaust from 1980, a four-headed film crew heads into the Amazon jungle to shoot a documentary about cannibalism. They never return. When their cans of film are found later on, the gruesome truth about their faiths is uncovered. The film has been extremely controversial since its release and is still banned in several countries. Cannibal Holocaust remains a very unpleasant viewing today due its nauseatingly realistic scenes of violence and mutilation. Still, the shocking subject matter seems to have a certain appeal on many people. What is it with cannibalism that fascinates people so much and how is this fascination translated into cinema?

In Western civilization, cannibalism is considered as something perverted, disgusting, extremely primitive, sick and demented. In most countries there is not even a law against cannibalism. Whenever an occasional case of cannibalism does come to light, the perpetrator is mostly convicted of another act such as murder or necrophilia. The eating of individuals from the same species does still occur, but it happens very marginally. The fact that it still happens means that it is definitely human. We can only admit to this repressed fascination by engaging in fantasy. Through books, music and – off course – movies we can come to terms with the cannibal inside of us.

Cannibals in cinema go back a long time. As far as I can tell, the first movie that features cannibalism is the short Queenie and the Cannibal from 1912. It is the beginning of a very long list. Last century alone, 90 movies premiered with the notion ‘cannibalism’ in the title. Movies that feature the theme cannibalism encompass several genres and subgenres. Very often they are horrors, adventures or crossovers. Mostly, they are also exploitation and sexploitation flicks (or straight out porn). Many can also be classified as racist – as natives are portrayed as savage flesh eaters. Some examples of these types of cannibal movies include; Emanuelle and the Last Cannibals (1977), The Mountain of the Cannibal God (1978), Cannibal Ferox (1981), The Flesh (1991) and Diary of a Cannibal (2007). Human’s fascination with the subject is also translated into the zombie film. After all, despite the fact that they are dead, zombies are still humans that eat other human’s flesh.

Exploitation films that deal with cannibalism are often horrors, but there are quite a lot of comedies as well. Ivan Reitman’s second feature film is the Canadian comedy-horror Cannibal Girls about three beautiful young women who lure men with their seductive charm to their home in order to kill and eat them. By drinking their blood and eating their flesh the women maintain their youthfulness and immortality. Eating Raoul is a 1982 black comedy in which cannibalism is used for the central gag. Another black comedy and horror is Motel Hell (1980) about a farmer / hotel owner who makes meat products with special ingredients. Auntie Lee’s Meat Pies (1992) already tells you all you need to know with its title and Trey Parker from South Park made Cannibal! The Musical (1993) in his college days. This blend of comedy, biography and musical is loosely based on the history of Alfred ‘Alferd’ Packer who was convicted for cannibalism in 1874.

While Italians can often be credited for nasty exploitation cannibal films, the French are largely responsible for putting cannibals in the Art House. A Taste For Woman (1964) is a black comedy by French director Jean Leon from an adapted screenplay by Roman Polanski. This is about a vegetarian restaurant that acts as cover for a sect that eats women as part of a full moon ceremony. Jean-Luc Godards Week End (1967) shows the savage journey of a bourgeois couple through France. They eventually fall prey to hippy cannibals. In Delicatessen (1991) by Marc Caro and Jean-Pierre Jeunet a butcher / landlord sells human flesh to his odd tenants in a post-apocalyptic world. Finally Les amants criminels (1999, François Ozon) is a thriller that retells the Hansel and Gretel legend, only with the wicked witch replaced by a woodsman with cannibalistic tendencies.

While the Art House and Grindhouse cinemas have had their taste of cannibalism, mainstream Hollywood has also exploited the theme for big time box-office return. The Silence of the Lambs was a sleeper hit in 1991, and its main star Hannibal ‘The Cannibal’ Lecter, portrayed by Anthony Hopkins, returned in Hannibal (2001) and Red Dragon (2002). Especially the first sequel has scenes of explicit cannibalism in it, just look at the scene in which Lecter feeds on Ray Liotta’s brains. In Sin City (2005), the mute serial killer Kevin (Elijah Wood) kills prostitutes, mounts their heads on a wall like hunting trophies and cannibalizes their remains, feeding the leftovers to his pet wolf.

Not a Hollywood film, but immensely popular was The Texas Chain Saw Massacre in 1974. In it, a group of friends stumble upon a family of cannibals in rural Texas. The film was made independently by director Tobe Hooper for just around 140.000 dollars. Due to its graphic content, the film was banned in several countries, but did make 30.8 million dollars at the U.S. box office alone. It got five sequels and a remake in 2003. A quite similar film is The Hills Have Eyes, which is a cult classic directed by Wes Craven in 1977. The story revolves around a family of mutant cannibals that prey on a family who have been stranded in the Nevada desert. In 1991, Craven also made The People Under the Stairs about a psychotic and cannibalistic couple played by Everett McGill and Wendy Robie who also played a couple in Twin Peaks. They ‘keep’ people between the walls of their house and eat the occasional liver.

While Cannibal Holocaust and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre only pretend to be based on reality, there are also real real-life stories about cannibalism that have been turned into movies. Think about Grimm Love aka Rohtenburg. This movie is based on the true story of self-confessed cannibal Armin Meiwes and the ‘internet cannibal movement’. In March 2001 Meiwes killed and partially ate a man he had met on the internet. The eating was based on a mutual agreement. The movie was banned in Germany after Meiwes filed a complaint against it. True cannibalism is also found in Alive (1993). This film tells the story of the Uruguayan national rugby teams’ plane that crashed in the middle of the Andes Mountains in 1972. The survivors have to take desperate measures to stay alive, including eating their deceived friends and family members.

Except for voluntary cannibalism there are also quite a few examples of people who force or trick people into eating other humans. Look no further than The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989) and Titus (1999) based on a play by William Shakespeare. There is also Jennifer’s Body (2009), starring Megan Fox and Amanda Seyfried and written by Oscar winning screenplay writer Diablo Cody. In it, Megan Fox plays a high school beauty queen who eats her boyfriends.

Judging from this overview, movies that feature cannibalism come in many forms and vary strongly in quality. Compared to food, they range from the cheapest junk to the highest culinary achievement. Either way, the theme has successfully manifested itself into cinema and still fascinates people to this day and will undoubtedly continue to do so in the future.

Recensie: Cinema Speculation (Quentin Tarantino)

Posted on by Jeppe Kleijngeld

Onlangs heeft Mr. Quentin Tarantino zijn tweede boek afgeleverd na ‘Once Upon a Time in Hollywood’ vorig jaar. Het heet ‘Cinema Speculation’ en is een non-fictieboek over films uit de jaren 70’, het tijdperk van zijn jeugd en volgens de de schrijver-regisseur het beste tijdperk voor films in Hollywood ooit. (Voor mij is dat de jaren 90’, het filmdecenium van mijn jeugd waarin Tarantino als regisseur een grote rol speelde).

Tijdens het lezen had ik voortdurend IMDb openstaan om de titels op te zoeken die QT beschrijft. Één van de eerste films die hij analyseert is Joe van John G. Avildsen (regisseur van Rocky en The Karate Kid). Het gaat over een right wing gun nut die hippies haat en ze wel wil vermoorden en dat op een gegeven moment ook gaat doen… Duidelijke inspiratie voor Once Upon a Time in Hollywood lijkt me.

Zijn moeder en haar vele vriendjes namen de jonge QT (vanaf 7 jaar) mee naar de meest gewelddadige films uit die tijd. Hij zag slechte exploitatiefilms, maar ook vele klassiekers, zoals de Dollars trilogie van Sergio Leone (zijn favoriete regisseur), Where Eagles Dare, Dirty Harry, The Godfather en The Wild Bunch. Hij was meestal het enige kind in een zaal vol volwassenen en begreep niet altijd alles van de films. Zo snapte hij niet dat de freeze frame op het einde van Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid betekende dat de hoofdpersonen dood gingen. Maar een voorwaarde van zijn moeder was dat hij geen domme vragen mocht stellen.

Zijn moeder ging een tijdje uit met zwarte mannen en die namen hem af en toe mee naar Blaxploitation films. Zo zag hij met een bijna volledig zwart publiek de film Black Gunn met Jim Brown. Hij observeerde goed hoe het publiek reageerde op zo’n film en op de acteurs. Hier heeft Tarantino zijn voornaamste opleiding genoten: in de bioscoopzaal. Vaak bij geweldige Double en Triple Bills die ze in die tijd nog vertoonden in de bioscopen in Los Angeles.


Op de cover: Regisseur Sam Peckinpah en filmster Steve McQueen op de set van The Getaway.

De film maestro geeft verschillende films een eigen hoofdstuk, zoals Bullitt met Steve McQueen (Steven Spielberg werkt momenteel aan een nieuwe interpretatie van deze klassieker). Bullitt herinnert men zich vooral vanwege de auto-achtervolging. Het plot kan niemand je meer vertellen (dat klopt). McQueen was de grootste ster van die tijd naast Newman en Beatty. Hij doet bijna niets in de film, schrijft Tarantino, maar toch is hij geweldig om naar te kijken. Hij acteert minimalistisch. Plus, hij is cool als agent Frank Bullitt omdat hij nooit zijn ‘cool’ verliest in tegenstelling tot andere helden. Als zijn onredelijke baas hem op zijn nek zit, reageert hij helemaal niet. ‘He doesn’t engage’.

De volgende film die hij in detail bespreekt is Dirty Harry, de klassieker die van Eastwood de grootste actiester maakte en van Don Siegel de beste actie-regisseur naast Peckinpah. De invloed van Dirty Harry kan niet onderschat worden. Samen met The French Connection luidde de film de transitie in van westerns naar politiefilms. Het is ook de eerste echte seriemoordenaar-film. Harry neemt het op tegen Scorpio, een fictieve versie van San Francisco’s echte Zodiac killer. The Silence of the Lambs en Se7en zijn de kinderen van Dirty Harry.

De samenleving was aan het veranderen in de jaren 70’, schrijft de auteur. De politie neemt het op voor de boeven, zo was soms de perceptie. Met Dirty Harry kregen de angstigen een held met een .44 kaliber Magnum aan hun zijde. Een held die een groep Black Panther-achtige overvallers uitschakelt terwijl hij een hotdog eet. En een held die het recht in eigen hand neemt als een zaak daarom vraagt. Curieus genoeg heeft het (volgens QT zwakke) vervolg Magnum Force de tegenovergestelde boodschap. Hierin neemt Harry het juist op tegen een groep moordenaars die criminelen zonder proces executeren.

Geweld speelt een grote rol in Tarantino’s films en dit is ook iets dat hij opikte in de glorieuze jaren 70’. Bijvoorbeeld bij de fantastische Double Bill Deliverance en The Wild Bunch. De eerste bevat een schokkende homoseksuele verkrachting. The Wild Bunch eindigt in één van de bruutste grafische geweldsexplosies uit de filmgeschiedenis. Ik bedenk me nu dat de man in Deliverance verkracht wordt door een echte hillbilly. Zou dat inspiratie hebben gevormd voor de verkrachting van Marcellus Wallace door hillbilly Zed in Pulp Fiction? Hoe het ook zij: wat Quentin schrijft over die scène klopt; in plaats van dat je wegkijkt van zoiets gruwelijks kun je je ogen er niet vanaf houden. Kennelijk heeft geweld iets fascinerends voor mensen en is film een ideaal medium om dit kanaliseren.

In de jaren 80’ veranderde dit in veel films. Hollywood ging self-censorship toepassen. De enige niet niet-compromitterende regisseurs uit deze jaren waren Lynch, Verhoeven, Cronenberg, Ferrera, Gilliam en De Palma (soms). Niet toevallig allemaal behorend tot mijn favoriete filmmakers aller tijden. Tarantino klaagt over het gebrek aan immorele, onsympathieke karakters in films uit die tijd. Personages als Parker uit Richard Stark’s boekenserie, waarvan de eerste verfilming The Outfit ook een eigen hoofdstuk krijgt in ‘Cinema Speculation’. Tarantino heeft zelf overwogen om een ‘Parker’ verfilming te doen in de jaren 90’ met Robert De Niro (als Parker), Harvey Keitel en Pam Grier in de hoofdrollen. Hij heeft spijt dat hij dit niet heeft gedaan en ik ook! Nu is Payback de enige Parker-verfilming uit dit decennium en hoewel het een prima film is was die van Tarantino ongetwijfeld beter geworden.

Wat is het speculatieve aspect van het boek uit de titel? Tarantino schrijft over de mogelijkheid dat Brian de Palma en niet Scorsese de film Taxi Driver zou hebben gemaakt. Blijkbaar was dat bijna gebeurd, maar vond De Palma de kans op een negatief financieel resultaat te groot (vreemde angst voor een regisseur, maar De Palma kende de noodzaak van een gat in de markt vinden en films te blijven maken). Als hij het gedaan had, was het ongetwijfeld meer een politieke thriller geworden. Bovendien had waarschijnlijk Jeff Bridges in plaats van De Niro Travis Bickle gespeeld en was de pooier waarschijnlijk zwart geweest zoals in het script en dus door een andere acteur gespeeld. Stel je voor, Taxi Driver zonder Harvey Keitel!

Is het boek een aanrader? Absoluut. Dat Tarantino kan schrijven is bekend. Daarnaast heeft de man ongelofelijk veel kennis en inzichten in het Hollywood van die tijd. Een must-read voor cinema fans dus. Wel een waarschuwing; je ‘to watch list’ wordt wel een heel stuk langer door het lezen van dit boek. De film waar ik me het meeste op verheug na het lezen van ‘Cinema Speculation’? Dat is Rolling Thunder over een getraumatiseerde Vietnam veteraan (nog zo’n echt jaren 70’ thema) die op jacht gaat naar een bende die hem in zijn huis hebben gemarteld en zijn vrouw en zoontje hebben vermoord. De lofzang die Tarantino over deze door Paul Schrader (Taxi Driver) geschreven film afsteekt maakt hem onweerstaanbaar. Het is er slechts één van vele.

Lees ook: QT8: The First Eight